2012
Is there an estimate or evidence that hate crime cases/incidents are under-reported disproportionately in relation to other crimes?
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Austria
That is not possible to determine because there is lack of data in general.
- Bulgaria
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Cyprus
Yes, there are references to underreporting in Equality Body and ECRI reports.
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Denmark
Yes.
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Finland
No estimates or evidence regarding this issue exist.
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France
Yes
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Germany
Yes.
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Greece
Yes
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Hungary
no evidence or reliable estimate availble.
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Ireland
There is evidence to suggest racists/discriminatory incidents are under reported and sentenced under different legislation. An example is the case of Patrick Maphoso, a Dublin city council candidate who suffered a racist attack while canvassing. He complained under the Prohibition of Incitement to Hatred Act, 1989, however, the accused was sentenced under a public order offence.
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Italy
Yes
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Poland
Yes.
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Portugal
No, there is neither estimate nor evidence that hate crime cases or incidents are under-reported disproportionately in relation to other crimes. However the perception of NGO’s working in the field, such as SOS Racismo, is that hate crime cases are under-reported.
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Romania
This information is not available.
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Slovenia
The data on racist crimes and violence is relatively limited and does not allow assessment of possible disproportionate under-reporting.
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Spain
There is no evidence, but there are estimates that are significantly fewer cases reported than actually occur.
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Sweden
No, there is not an estimate or evidence that hate crime cases/incidents are under-reported disproportionately in relation to other crimes.